8/9/25 Additions
Congiuntivo vs. indicativo
While the indicative mood expresses facts and objectivity, the subjunctive mood expresses opinions, doubt, uncertainty, and personal feelings such as hope, fear, and desire, all of which are subjective. This is not the case in English.
| Objective statements requiring the indicative | Subjective statements requiring the subjunctive |
|---|---|
| Carla lavora in biblioteca. [Carla works in the library.] |
Mi sembra che Carla lavori in biblioteca. [I think that Carla works in the library.] |
| I miei fratelli sono laboriosi. [My brothers are hard-working.] |
Credo che i miei fratelli siano laboriosi. [I think my brothers are hard-working.] |
| Roberto si trasferisce a Milano. [Roberto will move to Milan.] So che Roberto si trasferisce a Milano. [I know that Roberto will move to Milan.] |
Penso che Roberto si trasferisca a Milano. [I think that Roberto will move to Milan.] |